tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12874748531035311782024-03-14T14:11:22.985+08:00薑餅人的生態之旅 Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14695901692089538192noreply@blogger.comBlogger8125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1287474853103531178.post-54805005815855118972016-05-01T10:31:00.002+08:002016-05-01T10:31:58.477+08:002016.04.23【台灣蛙的生態觀察】<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;"><b>主講人:陳王時 老師</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">今天</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">是由很風趣的陳王時老師來講「</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">蛙</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">」</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">,</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">他</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">帶了</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">一位很特別的助教,名字是「小花」,其實是「老花」,因為牠是</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">一隻</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">年紀已</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">經</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">很大的</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">花狹口蛙<span lang="EN-US">(</span></span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">亞洲錦蛙</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">,</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">屬於外來種,老師讓我們和牠近距離接觸,大家都很好奇的上前圍</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">觀</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">,老師說牠很久沒出門,大概是緊張又興</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">奮</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">,不時跳來蹦去,好幾次從老師的手上、身上跳落地面都沒事,因為牠的骨頭是軟的,不像人類的骨頭是實心的,</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">摔</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">不得。花狹口蛙的性別可從喉</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">嚨</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">的顏色分辨</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">,</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">黑色的是公的</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">,</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">沒有黑色的是母的。牠的背部花紋像一個</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">“</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">几</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">”</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">字,是狹口蛙科的異類,遇到大水會爬樹,冬天很冷會躲在竹葉堆裡。老師教我們抓青蛙的技巧是將頭部蓋住,因為蛙只會往前跳,記得抓青蛙的時候,手最好是溼潤的,比較不會傷到牠們的皮膚。花狹口蛙會分泌</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">毒</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">液,像樹脂</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">(</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">白膠</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">)</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">,只要不要接觸到口鼻黏膜,摸完後確實洗手,就不會中</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">毒</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">說到</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">青蛙的構造,</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">牠的</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">前腿比較短小,後腿比較粗壯,</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">適合跳躍;</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">前</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">腳有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">4</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">趾,後腳</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">5</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">趾,而且後腳</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">通常有蹼,</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">方便</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">游泳</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">。牠</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">們有兩層眼</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">瞼</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">,裡面</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">那層</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">是透明的,</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">當牠往水裡跳時</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">,</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">透明眼瞼會順勢由下往上蓋起來</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">,可以看</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">清楚</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">水中的狀況,</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">鳥類也有這層薄膜,但是由前往後蓋住眼睛,當牠們飛行時,可以防止灰塵進入也能保持溼潤和乾淨。而上眼瞼的作用是幫助牠們吞食。青蛙的耳朵不像人類一樣露在外面,而是長在眼睛的後面,稱為鼓膜,能清楚聽到聲音,尤其是同類的鳴叫聲。青蛙的擇偶條件是靠聲音,公蛙的聲音愈大</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">,</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">表示身體健</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">壯</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">,愈能吸引母蛙。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">蛙類</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">在牠們還是蝌蚪時,是用鰓呼吸,</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">出水口在左前腳,</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">長大後則是用肺呼吸,但因為肺發育不完全,所以要用濕潤的皮膚幫助呼吸</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">。</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">但</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">也有例外</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">不需要濕潤的皮膚幫助呼吸的蛙</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">類</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">,</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">例如蟾蜍,為了適應乾燥的環境,</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">他們</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">皮膚</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">演化成粗糙,</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">避免水分散失;</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">為了不被</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">天敵</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">抓</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">到</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">,他們發展出毒液線,既然有毒性,那就不用跳那麼快,所以</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">漸漸的牠</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">們就不會跳很快、很遠,</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">蟾除的毒液可以提煉成「</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">蟾酥</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">」</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">,是中藥材的一種。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">蛙類的眼睛是弱視,看不清楚物體的細節,只能看到輪廓,不過他們能分辨顏色,對會動的物體很敏感。若是體型較小的昆蟲,牠會用舌頭去將獵物黏回來,若遇到體型較大的,舌頭黏住拖不回來</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">,</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">牠會直接跳前去將對方吃掉。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">台灣的蟾蜍有二種:<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">盤古蟾蜍:</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">山地的原住民,體型較大,繁殖期在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">9</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">月到隔年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">2</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;"> (</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">秋冬</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">)</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">,可在山區的</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">溪</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">流旁發現牠們,是特有種,特徵是耳後腺下方有一條</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">黑</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">線。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">黑眶蟾蜍:</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">平地的原住民,體型較小,繁殖期是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">2~9</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">
(</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">春夏</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">)</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">,會在池塘或稻田出現</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">,牠的鳴叫聲像一種童玩「竹蟬」所發出的聲音。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">公蛙體型較小,母蛙體型較大,</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">一</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">般</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">分辨的方式</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">可</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">看</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">牠們的</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">頭部,頭寬大於頭長是母的,頭寛等於頭長是公的</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">。青蛙沒有子宮</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">,</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">所以不會懷</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">孕</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">,採體外受精</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">。</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">在青蛙的世界裡,牠們有很多生存策略,會同類、骨肉相殘</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">,</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">大的吃小的</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">,</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">哥哥姐姐吃弟弟妹妹</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">,</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">如果看到有青蛙的嘴上長了二條蛙腿</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">,</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">不要懷</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">疑</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">,就是這麼一回事</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">!</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">為了繁</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">衍</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">下一代,增加存活率,母蛙會產很多的</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">卵,</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">例如牛蛙一次可產下</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">1</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">萬至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">3</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">萬顆卵</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">,</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">是以量取勝的百子策略。為的躲</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">避</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">天敵</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">,</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">牠們採取的</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">禦</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">敵方式也不同,最直接的是直接跳開逃走</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">,</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">有的有毒液、有的用保護色,或鼓大鳴囊,甚至用排尿的方式</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">嚇</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">走敵人</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">陳老師上課的方式非常生動有趣</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">,</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">唱作俱佳,</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">臺</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">下笑聲不斷</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">,</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">不僅</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">帶給我們豐富的蛙類知識,還特地</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">準備了自己拍</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">攝</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">的野鳥照片所製成的桌曆</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">,</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">作為有獎爭答的獎品,很幸運的我也得到一本,</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">真的好開心,</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">期待還有機會再上老師的課。</span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14695901692089538192noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1287474853103531178.post-83257756870447205452016-04-30T11:09:00.000+08:002016-05-01T10:25:07.780+08:002016.04.16【金面山生態環境】<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: 17.3333px;"><b>主講人:林玉琴 老師</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">這禮拜</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">是</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">到金面山進行生態觀察,</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">真高興沒有下雨,</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">我們這一</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">組由</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">林玉琴老師帶</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">隊、導覽</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">,途中我發現了一隻盤古蟾蜍的幼蛙,</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">還看到了好多</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">動物和植物,像是茶色鬼蛛、琉璃鳳蝶、</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">綠蠅虎、</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">大冠鷲</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">、江某、雙面</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">刺、</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">白袍子、木耳、野牡丹、</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">桔梗蘭</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">…</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">等,</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">印象很深刻的是有</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">一隻</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">已經沒有救的</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">蛾幼蟲,牠整個肚子都是白色的寄生蜂幼蟲,真</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">的好</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">可憐!</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">在</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">看那隻毛毛蟲</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">同</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">時,</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">有</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">一隻超大的盤古蟾蜍,就</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">停</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">在我們身旁,</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">而</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">我們</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">竟然</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">一點也沒察覺,牠可真是個厲害的偽裝大師。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">距離休息站<span lang="EN-US">-</span>論劍亭之前,有兩段懸崖峭壁的難關,必須抓著旁邊的繩子一步一步小心翼翼的往上爬,爬到一半時,</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">我</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">不小心腳滑了一下,還好有緊抓著繩子,不然就掉下去了,</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">真的很驚險!在爬的過程中</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">,</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">我有</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">回頭</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">看</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">,</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">放眼望去</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">整個內湖都灰灰髒髒的,</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">空氣品質不怎麼好,</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">隱隱約約</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">還可以</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">看到松山機場和許多高樓大廈,這時,一隻琉璃鳳蝶從身旁飛過,輕盈的往山上飛</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">去</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">,</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">當</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">我們</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">抵</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">達休息站時,那隻蝴蝶</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">也正</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">在那</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">兒</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">翩翩飛舞,好像歡迎我們一樣。<span lang="EN-US"><br />
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">金面山是由砂岩組成,砂岩中含有石英結晶<span lang="EN-US">(</span>玻璃的原料<span lang="EN-US">)</span>所以會反光,當太陽西下時,陽光照到岩壁上,山上會呈現一片金黃色,所以叫做金面山,我們爬的大峭壁正是發出金色光芒的地方</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">。</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">它還有另外一個名</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">字</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">,叫剪刀石山,因為山上有交錯複雜的岩石,在遠處看就像一把剪刀,所以才會有剪刀石山這個名</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">字</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">,但在那裡一定要注意安全,不然一不小心就會掉到山下去,所以要非常小心。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">通過</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">剪刀石後,我們就</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">開始</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">下山,</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">感覺體力有點不濟,但</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">老師</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">仍然精力充</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">沛</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">的繼續</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">介紹</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">沿途</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">的植物和昆蟲,</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">其中有</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">一種毛毛的植物<span lang="EN-US"></span></span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">「</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">野牡丹</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">」</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">,只要把</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">莖上的</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">皮剝掉就能吃,我嘗了一口,覺得味道還不錯,快到山腳下時,我們發現了一叢桔梗蘭,</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">牠</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">是早期獵人用來打獵時的溝通用具,因為是屬於自然的聲音,所以獵物不會察覺有甚麼不對勁,</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">如果</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">獵人</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">開口</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">講話,那些獵物就</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">會被</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">嚇跑,於是大家</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">學著</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">邊吹邊走下山。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">今天除了很感謝老師的指導之外,也很開心</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">和同</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">學一起參加這次的生態觀察活動,而且我還結</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">識</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">了</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">碧湖國小的李</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">承</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">典</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">同學</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">,他很會抓蟲,就算是小</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">到</span><st1:chmetcnv hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" sourcevalue="2" tcsc="0" unitname="m" w:st="on"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">2</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">m</span></st1:chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">m</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">的</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">昆蟲</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">也抓</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">得</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">到,非常厲害,</span><span lang="ZH-HK" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-HK;">真的很佩服</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 新細明體;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14695901692089538192noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1287474853103531178.post-19423522428109000922016-04-30T10:51:00.003+08:002016-04-30T13:16:40.621+08:002016.04.09【臺灣的野鳥世界】<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 17.3333px;"><b>主講人:林金雄 老師</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13pt;">今天的課程是我最喜歡的鳥類,由林金雄老師上課,他已經</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13pt;">75</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13pt;">歲了,滿頭的白髮,和我阿公一樣,感到很親切,特別的是他用幻燈片介紹鳥類,覺得很新奇。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">以前很多人認為始祖鳥是鳥類的祖先,其實不是,要成為一隻鳥,胸部必須是平的,而始祖鳥的胸部鼓鼓的,頭部構造像蜥蝪或爬蟲類,有牙齒,翅膀上有爪子,要爬到樹上,用滑翔而不是用飛。而恐龍是由爬蟲類演化過來,所以始祖鳥算是恐龍。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">目前全世界的鳥類約有<span lang="EN-US">9800</span>多種,在中南美洲有一種鳥和始祖鳥長得很像,叫麝鴙,翅膀上也有長爪子。鳥的基本條件是有羽毛、卵生。鳥的身高,應該是說身長,從嘴尖開始量,接著頭、頸、背一直量到尾巴。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">世界最大的鳥是鴕鳥,牠的蛋也是鳥類中最大的,一顆鴕鳥蛋大概有<span lang="EN-US">24</span>顆雞蛋那麼大,蛋殼很厚,而最小的鳥蛋是蜂鳥的蛋,像黃豆那樣小。鴕鳥的羽毛已經退化,不會飛,但跑很快,時速可達<span lang="EN-US">70~<st1:chmetcnv hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" sourcevalue="90" tcsc="0" unitname="公里" w:st="on">90<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">公里</span></span></st1:chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">,不過只能做短時間快跑,不能長時間連續跑,因為心臟會受不了,所以不能參加馬拉松。牠的眼睛像高爾夫球那麼大,而且還有很長的睫毛,為了不讓敵人發現,牠們孵卵時會把頭盡量貼近地面。<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">不會飛的鳥有鴕鳥、食火雞、美洲鴕鳥、鴯鶓、奇異鳥。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">瑞典的生物學家<span lang="EN-US">-</span>林奈,將植物、動物、鳥類、昆蟲進行分類,非常厲害。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">世界鳥類目前分為<span lang="EN-US">23</span>目,分布在七個區塊:古北區、新北區、東洋區、非洲沙漠區、南美熱帶雨森區、大洋區、極地區。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">台灣的鳥類約有<span lang="EN-US">626</span>種,其中台灣藍鵲是台北市鳥,也是我最喜歡的鳥。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">公的麻雀臉和頸部有黑色的斑,母的斑比較淡。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">小白鷺是黑嘴黃腳,有飾羽,體型也比較小,如果是黃嘴黑腳,那可能是中白鷺或大白鷺。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">夜鶯先吃魚頭,再整隻吃掉,因為魚鱗和鰭的方向是從頭往尾長的,如果從魚尾開始吃,牠的喉嚨就會被刺到而受傷。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">黑冠麻鷺吃蚯蚓,下雨後,地底下的蚯蚓會爬出來,黑冠麻鷺就會跑去吃,所以常常會出現互相拉扯的現象,蚯蚓要回洞裡,黑冠麻鷺把牠抓出來就像在拔河。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">烏秋就是大卷尾,牠的個性兇猛。<span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">大冠鷲又稱蛇鵰,因為它主要吃的食物是蛇,牠的視力非常好,在高空中可以看到地面的蛇,當發現蛇時,會用叫聲把蛇嚇住,再飛下去把蛇抓起來,非常厲害。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">蜂鷹吃蜂蛹、幼蟲和成蟲,像黃蜂、虎頭蜂,但牠並不吃蜂蜜,屬於保育類動物。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">白腹秧雞會照顧弟弟妹妹,手足情深。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">紅冠水雞最多生<span lang="EN-US">4</span>隻,當遇到危險時,水雞爸媽就會用單翅和雙腳各挾住<span lang="EN-US">1</span>隻小雞趕快逃跑。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">愛學人講話的八哥,會招呼客人進店裡吃愛玉冰,最好笑的是還會跟客人聊天。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">珠頸鳩有像公雞啼叫聲<span lang="EN-US">(</span>咕、咕、咕<span lang="EN-US">)</span>,背後有一圈像珍珠項鍊的花紋,所以叫做珠頸斑鳩。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">金背鳩稱為斑鳩,背上羽毛為淡褐色而羽毛邊緣帶有棕色。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">喜鵲是很受歡迎的鳥,因為聽說聽見牠的叫聲就會有好事會發生。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">台灣藍鵲也會照顧弟妹,有黑頭和紅嘴紅腳。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">【留鳥】一年四季都留在台灣,台灣有<span lang="EN-US">27</span>種特有種,記得的有:黑長尾雉、藍腹鷴、畫眉、紫嘯鶇、烏頭翁、台灣藍鵲、阿里山麻雀、黃山雀、火冠戴菊、台灣褐樹鶯、五色鳥、小彎嘴、大彎嘴、竹鳥、白喉笑鶇、酒紅朱雀、繡眼畫眉、台灣竹雞、赤腹山雀<span lang="EN-US">...</span>還有外號「小滷蛋」的鷦眉,長得超可愛。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">【候鳥】隨著季節變化,由其他地方飛來台灣的鳥,有分夏候鳥和冬候鳥。夏候鳥每年<span lang="EN-US">3~8</span>月,來自東南亞和中南半島。印象最深刻的就是杜鵑,牠將自己的蛋生在別的鳥巢中,如果生三顆,牠會分別生在不同的鳥巢中,並將巢中原有的蛋推出一顆,然後由別的鳥幫牠孵蛋,也讓我想起電影「三個傻瓜」裡的院長在開學時對新生說人生大道裡的教具。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">秋冬候鳥:每年<span lang="EN-US">9</span>來,隔年<span lang="EN-US">3</span>、<span lang="EN-US">4</span>月離開,來自西伯利亞、韓國、日本、蒙古草原。有:魚鷹、雁鴨、鴛鴦、高蹺鴴、彩鷸<span lang="EN-US">(</span>鳥爸爸是模範父親<span lang="EN-US">)</span>、黑面琵鷺。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">【過境鳥】只有停留<span lang="EN-US">3</span>到<span lang="EN-US">5</span>天,不超過<span lang="EN-US">10</span>天,牠們只是停下來覓食休息,如灰面鵟鷹和十月份出現的紅尾伯勞鳥<span lang="EN-US">(</span>會吃害蟲<span lang="EN-US">)</span>。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">【迷鳥】因為天候因素,像夏天颱風被吹到台灣的鳥,像是丹頂鶴。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">【籠中逸鳥】有些是被放生的鳥,有些是從籠裡飛出來的外來種,牠們對本地的生態會造成影響,像會吃硫磺清腸胃葵花鳳頭鸚鵡,還有長得很可怕,綠色羽毛紅眼睛的菲律賓椋鳥。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14695901692089538192noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1287474853103531178.post-87695752577236669332016-04-30T10:47:00.000+08:002016-04-30T13:16:48.885+08:002016.03.26【生態攝影之研創心法】<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 17.3333px;"><b style="font-size: 17.3333px;">主講人:</b><b>邱鴻麟 老師</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">以前,照相機是一個奢侈的物品,一台相機就等於以前一棟房子的價錢,而且畫質、方便性都比現在的相機差,以前的照相機不用記憶卡,而是用<span lang="EN-US">101</span>底片,所以操作不方便,邱老是在國小時拿到第一台傻瓜相機,但在那個時代,相機是很珍貴的物品。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">庫氏山珊瑚是一種植物,沒有長葉子,只有長黃花,花的表面長滿細毛感覺肥肥的,就像一顆枇杷,一年中有<span lang="EN-US">365</span>天,但是它的的花只有開「七天」,所以非常罕見,你可以在碧綠神木、東山眼、溪頭看到它,如果你可以看到那個花開,真的是非常幸運。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">邱老在當兵時,他的長官叫他們去森林採果實、野菜,這時一陣風吹來,邱老的眼鏡不見了!麼會這樣呢?難到那陣風有魔力,把邱老的眼鏡偷走了?結果在遠方就看到了一個稀奇的植物偷了邱老的眼鏡,之後邱老去問了林玉琴老師,她就說那種植物叫做印度鞭藤,生長在熱帶的海邊,它的葉子長得很像竹子的葉子,在它的最前端就像蕨類一樣翹起來,他就用那部份把眼鏡偷走了,非常有趣。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">當你拿著照相機要拍照時,要先想好要拍甚麼、主角是誰、要怎麼拍和要如何儲存及利用;拍的物體分成兩種,生物的野生攝影像<span lang="EN-US">:</span>蟲、魚、受、花…、非生物的地景攝影像<span lang="EN-US">:</span>氣、光、時、星、水…;拍照,就要拍出有生態意涵的影像紀錄,拍生物演化的美感,像鳥從蛋裡出來,漸漸的長大,變成成鳥飛走,或連續體的觀察,像拍下星星一整夜運轉的樣子,和生物的互動、環境和生物的互相影響和生態之美。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">攝影時有八個步驟:快、握、穩、瞄、準、換、高、趣<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">快:主體或主題:特殊保育類動物、當季物種、棲地物種<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;"> 突發狀況:拿相機要快、對焦的速度要快<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">握:拿相機的動作要正確<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;"> 穩定重心<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;"> 要練兩段式快門法<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;"> 測光、色溫、色彩、閃光準<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">換:換視角、拍攝模式、地點、直橫、<span lang="EN-US">ISO<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">高:畫質、質感、細部、細節發現要高<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">趣:要有故事性、人的紀錄、生態性<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14695901692089538192noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1287474853103531178.post-42536860621876397642016-04-30T10:44:00.002+08:002016-04-30T13:16:56.927+08:002016.03.19【探究蝴蝶生態奧妙】<div style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: 17.3333px;"><b style="font-size: 17.3333px; text-align: start;">主講人:</b><b>陳燦榮 老師</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">蝴蝶是一種常見的生物,全世界大約有<span lang="EN-US">2</span>萬種,現在共分成五種:鳳蝶、粉蝶、蛺蝶、弄蝶和小灰蝶,但是以前還有分成更多種,但是因為有一些種類很相近,所以把牠們合併了,蝴蝶的分類位階為:<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">界:動物界<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">門:節肢動物門<span lang="EN-US">(</span>外骨骼<span lang="EN-US">)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">綱:昆蟲綱<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">目:鱗翅目<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">科:鳳蝶、粉蝶、蛺蝶、弄蝶和小灰蝶。只有蛺蝶是「吊蛹」,其餘都是「帶蛹」。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">台灣的蝴蝶沒有毒,無尾柑橘鳳蝶是都市中常見的蝶類,因為沒有尾突所以又稱為無尾鳳蝶,牠適應環境的能力很強,如果在陽台或庭院擺放一些金桔盆栽或柑橘類植物,就可以吸引牠們前來產卵。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">蝴蝶的身上有漂亮的花紋,是因為鱗片的顏色所造成的,鱗片就像一把把孔明扇鑲在蝴蝶的翅膀裡,因為鑲在翅膀的那部分是細細的柄,飛行途中或碰撞都很容易掉落,所以剛羽化的蝴蝶顏色是最鮮艷的,如果翅膀變透明,就有可能是鱗片掉光了。蝴蝶的前面二隻翅膀主要是用來抬升,後面二隻翅膀是用來控制方向,如果前面二隻翅膀破損嚴重的話,就無法飛行,只能在地上爬行,這樣牠的危險會多很多,性命難保。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">蝴蝶的翅膀可以防水,牠們也會做日光浴,天氣好的時候,牠們就會飛出來,如果天氣冷,溫度底,牠們就不太愛動,這點跟我很像。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">課堂中老師在講躲避天敵的方式時,除了擬態之外,還有提到蜘蛛的獵食方式,而令我印象深刻的是蝙蝠,蝙蝠會發出超音波來偵測獵物,利用音波回聲來判斷前方是什麼,當音波是一大片彈回來時,就知道那可能是一面牆或障礙物,然後趕快轉彎;如果是一小部分傳回來,牠可以依傳回的形狀去判斷是不是昆蟲,然後發出超音波去追蹤,並修正方向,當越來越接近時,頻率也會隨之升高,如果追的是一隻蛾,當快靠近時,蛾在某個頻率時會聽到「ㄍㄧ」的聲音,牠會將翅膀瞬間收起來,直接往下墜落,改變飛行的軌跡試著逃過蝙蝠的追捕,這種生存之道真的很奇妙。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">經過調查,在夜晚被蜘蛛網抓住的蝴蝶比早上來的多,很多人認為是視線不良所造成的,但其實蝴蝶在晚上可以看到蜘蛛網,牠會在蜘蛛網前停頓猶豫一下,因為蜘蛛網在晚上會散發紫外線,在那些小蟲的眼裡,或許像一幅畫,反而更吸引牠撞上去,但像蝴蝶一樣有鱗粉的昆蟲,只要用力掙扎,有可能把鱗粉留在網上而逃掉。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">蝴蝶的主要食物是花蜜,在郊外有可能見到一群蝴蝶聚在溪邊溼地上喝水,牠們通常是雄蝶,因為要吸取鹽分<span lang="EN-US">(</span>鈉<span lang="EN-US">)</span>,鹽分可以提升雌蝶生育率和產卵量,當蝴蝶在交配時,雄蝶會先把儲存在體內的鈉傳給雌蝶,當作聘禮,但因為在低處喝水時,天敵很多,所以這種危險工作是雄蝶在做,而群聚在一起的好處是比較安全,為了要繁衍下一代,真的很辛苦,但看到牠們水喝太多滴尿的樣子,還挺有趣的。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">如何分辨蝴蝶或是蛾?最簡單的方式可看牠們的觸角,如果是尾端膨大,像高爾夫球桿<span lang="EN-US">(</span>火柴棒<span lang="EN-US">)</span>或是鉤狀,那就是蝴蝶;如果是一根直線、櫛齒狀(古時候的梳子)或羽毛狀,那就是蛾了,但這種依觸角特徵的分辨只適用在台灣所產的蝴蝶和蛾。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">蝴蝶的口器很特別,牠們沒有大顎,是由二根小顎鬚演化延長成半圓型空心的吸管來吸取花蜜,有些蝴蝶和蛾的口器很長,要吸花蜜時,就會將頭仰起來吸,或是花朵沒辦法承受牠們的重量,就會在停滯在空中飛,但這個動作很耗費體力,就像直昇機停滯在空中比在飛行時所耗費油料來得高,所以牠們吸蜜時會不時來回飛動和休息。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">這堂課很精彩,謝謝老師引領我進入蝴蝶的生態,讓我大開眼界。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14695901692089538192noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1287474853103531178.post-73653484268300992322016-04-30T10:39:00.000+08:002016-04-30T13:17:05.732+08:002016.03.12【昆蟲的祕密花園】<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 17.3333px;"><b style="font-size: 17.3333px;">主講人:</b><b>施宏明 老師</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">昆蟲是世界上最多動物,像是我們常見的蝴蝶、蜜蜂、螞蟻,他們都是昆蟲,昆蟲的特徵就是身體分成頭、胸、腹三節,而且牠們是六隻腳,蜘蛛也是昆蟲嗎<span lang="EN-US">?</span>不是,因為牠的身體只有兩節,而且是八隻腳,像是蜈蚣、馬路,牠們的身體有很多節,腳也非常的多,所以是節肢動物。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">蝴蝶在台灣是常見的昆蟲,牠們一共有五科,有:弄蝶、鳳蝶、蛺蝶、粉蝶、灰蝶,我覺得蝴蝶最好玩的是牠的口器,蝴蝶的口器是虹吸式的,不用插進水果中就可以吸到汁,非常神奇。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">竹節蟲牠從小到大沒有經過「蛹」這個階段,所以竹節蟲是不完全變態,像蝴蝶和蛾,都有經過蛹的階段,所以牠們是完全變態,甚麼是不完全變態<span lang="EN-US">?</span>就是卵→若蟲→成蟲,通常牠們從小到大都是長那樣,但完全變態,卵→幼蟲→蛹→成蟲,經過蛹後變成了不一樣的樣貌,像蝴蝶小時候是噁心的毛毛蟲,但經過蛹期以後,就變成了漂亮的蝴蝶,真是差太多了。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">在這堂課中,我印象最深刻的昆蟲是<span lang="EN-US">-</span>長尾水青蛾,牠的樣子就像一架酷炫的飛機,我喜歡牠翅膀上的水藍色,還有牠的翅膀的形狀和線條,但就因為牠那漂亮的顏色,常常被天敵發現,所以是數量越來越少,在加上人類的開發,牠們的棲息地已越來越少,我們應該保護牠們,不要再破壞地球了,不然,到時候就被自然反撲,就來不及了。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14695901692089538192noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1287474853103531178.post-17748458915120429292016-04-30T10:28:00.000+08:002016-04-30T13:17:13.371+08:002016.03.05【台灣低海拔生物資源】<div class="MsoNormal">
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<span style="font-size: 17.3333px;"><b style="font-size: 17.3333px;">主講人:</b><b>林玉琴 老師</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;"><b>一<span lang="EN-US">.</span>海濱環境</b><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">台灣是一個四面環海的島嶼,所以海風和季風十分強勁,生長在濱海植物要面對海風的吹襲、土地貧瘠、烈日當頭等種種的情況,所以這些植物必須用不同的方式生長,例如:麝香百合的花,比一般在陸地上的花來的更大,吸引小蟲來幫忙傳授花粉,或是用低矮群生的方式來減少被海風吹襲的面積,還有石板菜用肥厚的葉子、根、莖來儲存許多的水,因為這樣,這些植物才能生活在這嚴苛的環境。今年過年時,我和家人到鹿港參觀玻璃博物館及玻璃媽祖廟,因為很靠近海邊,沿途路樹很多只有背風的那一側有葉子,上了課才知道這個就是所謂的「風剪樹」。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;"><b>二<span lang="EN-US">.</span>溼地環境</b><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">因為人口增加,所以在平原上漸漸的形成都市,為了種植作物、蔬果,所以建造了渠道,但是不久後,上面就出現了一些浮萍、大萍,一開始只有一些,但經過一段時間,整個水面都被浮萍蓋住了,讓下面的水草無法行光合作用、製造氧氣,沒了氧氣,在水下面的魚也漸漸死亡,浮萍真是一種可怕的植物。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">浮萍因為根沒有固定在土中所以可以隨著風散撥到任何地方,加上它的葉片中間有氣室,所以可以漂浮在水上,但像睡蓮、台灣萍蓬草等植物,葉子由葉柄保持漂浮在水面上,但根部在土裡,所以不會漂走,除了浮萍是浮水性、睡蓮是浮葉性,還有:<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">1.
</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">沉水性植物:有水蘊草、金魚藻、馬藻,特徵是整個植物沉在水裡,<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">但它們的根是固定在土中。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">2.
</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">挺水性植物:有荷花、水稻、茭白筍,特徵是莖、葉挺出水面。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">茭白筍還有另外一個名字-「菰」,又稱「美人腿」,我們是吃它的莖,<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">以前看到茭白筍裡有一點一點黑黑的,以為那是泥土,不敢吃,聽過林老師的講解後才知道那是一種真菌,叫做菰黑粉菌,因為它會刺激茭白筍的莖,讓它膨大,而菰黑粉菌是可以吃的,只是口感不太好。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">3.
</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">浮葉性植物:睡蓮、台灣萍蓬草,特徵是葉柄保持漂浮在水面上,但根部在土裡。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">4.
</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">浮水性植物:水萍、大萍、布袋蓮等植物特徵是根沒有固定在土中。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;"><b>三<span lang="EN-US">.</span>低海拔生態</b><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">我們台灣低海拔的生態資源豐富,具有非常多生物,例如:<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">1.</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">小黃斑弄蝶:屬於弄蝶科,是台灣的弄蝶科中體型最小的一種弄蝶。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">2.</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">紅娘華:棲息於低海拔或平地的水田、池塘、淨水域、等等水生生物棲息地,但因水生環境汙染而數量減少。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">3.</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">鼎脈蜻蜓:蜻蜓的一種,分布於低中海拔地區之池塘、水田、山溝、沼澤 、小溪等水域,為數量最多的蜻蜓種類,世界上一共有<span lang="EN-US">738</span>種蜻蜓,非常的多,牠們在產卵時,會用蜻蜓點水的方式,牠們在休息時,翅膀不能合起來,這樣久可以分辨出豆娘和蜻蜓了。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">4.</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">粗鉤春蜓:蜻蜓的一種,普遍分布於低海拔山區,棲息池塘、湖泊、沼澤等水域,棲息量很多。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">5.</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">白鷺鷥:分成小白鷺、中白鷺、大白鷺,多活動於湖沼岸邊、水田、河岸、沙灘、泥灘及沿海小溪流。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">6.</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">豆娘:它們棲息在河流、淡水<span lang="EN-US"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%89" title="泉"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span lang="EN-US">泉</span></span></a></span>及運河,尾部有一根長長的呼吸管,而豆娘不會點水,但牠們休息時,翅膀可以合起來。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">7.</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">白痣珈蟌:普遍分布於低海拔山區的淺溪或靜水湖泊,喜歡停棲葉端或在近水面上飛行,雄蟲色澤鮮艷,體態優美,常出現在溪流旁邊的樹林,喜歡陽光。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">8.</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">紫嘯鶇:身上是紫藍色的,繁殖於中、低海拔山區,大抵棲息於溪流附近,喜歡吃小魚蝦。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">9.</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">翠鳥<span lang="EN-US">(</span>魚狗<span lang="EN-US">)</span>:牠們通常住在有小魚小蝦的小河邊,牠們都不會自私,不吃比自己大的魚,在加上牠們的羽毛非常漂亮,讓我非常喜歡。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt;">在這堂課中,讓我學到了許多寶貴的知識、認識了我以前不知道、也叫不出名字的動、植物,還有了解牠們一些特殊的習性,真的是很豐富的一堂課,謝謝老師。</span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14695901692089538192noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1287474853103531178.post-88967660607670800392016-04-10T20:57:00.001+08:002016-04-30T10:36:18.325+08:00Hi~大家好!<span style="font-family: 新細明體;">
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<span style="font-family: 新細明體; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Adobe Arabic";">歡迎來到我的部落格,請多多指教,謝謝<span lang="EN-US">!<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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</span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14695901692089538192noreply@blogger.com0